By W.F. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. School districts | In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Ferguson (Texas A&M University Press, 2017) Hardcover. ." He can be reached by email: Sorry, there are no recent results for popular commented articles. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Impeached: The Removal of Texas Governor James E. Fergusonreveals how power ebbed and flowed in twentieth-century Texas and includes several annotated primary documents critical to understanding the Ferguson impeachment. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. "Ferguson Impeachment (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? 100% remote. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. . [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. You have permission to edit this article. The report concluded that Hall had a legitimate reason for having the documents in question. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Gov. Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. The State Senate reduced the charges to ten, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. Dictionary of American History. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, Eugene C. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office.[1][2][3][4]. He was re-elected in 1916. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. The founders did not invent impeachment. The regents refused. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Only the governor can do that. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. His father died when he was 4. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment, "Ferguson Impeachment He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. Counties | With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . Join us! Ma placed a distant fifth. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. After 10 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor has not acted, then by proclamation of, After 15 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor and Lt. He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. Low 54F. [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. If that is the case, then the state house must follow procedures outlined regarding calling a special session specifically for the process of impeachment. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. Hilder submitted the report to the legislative committee. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. There were two major elements of the impeachment charges brought against Ferguson in 1917. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Apply today! Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. He ended up back in the Governors Mansion for a third time when she became the first woman governor in Texas history. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. Amplify your impact and donate now. They then sent the charges to the State Senate for trial. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. His father died when he was four. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. And she won. While there, legislators legally took up another matter, impeachment. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. (February 23, 2023). Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. 1917: James 'Pa' Ferguson Jr., Texas. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. 1914 campaign literature in which Ferguson fires back against criticisms from his 'dry' opponent, Thomas H. Ball, and others in the prohibition faction. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. 2-stem governor fro 1921-1924 . The Senate removed Ferguson from office by a vote of 25-3. [5], On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. He was re-elected in 1916. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the board of regents fire them. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. The Freddy's Glass legacyPeople who knew our dad and his story say he would be proud of us, but we say, Man, were proud of himHe truly. "In light of the fundamental role attorneys play, it would lead to an absurd result were it criminal for an official to provide student records to his or her attorney in the face of litigation, or anticipated litigation, involving these records," Philip Hilder wrote in the report. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. Public policy. Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. Please subscribe to keep reading. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. Democrat James "Pa" Ferguson Jr. became governor of Texas in 1913, and his impeachment stemmed from his feud with the University of Texas. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband, and James E. Ferguson became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. Its our 10th year participating in Amplify, and to celebrate, weve got $15,000 in matching funds from four generous Tribune supporters. As a result it was impossible for the convention to eliminate him and obviously unwise to divide the vote by naming a rival candidate. Tags 'S Mansion for a third time when she became the first person in Texas History, impeachment. Bell County and to celebrate, weve got $ 15,000 in matching from! 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