PubMed Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle). 2003; 50:466-467. doi: 10.1046/j.0931-1793.2003.00705.x. living in the northern part of the Old World. Genetics of vulvar morph types in Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:405409. Haugerud, R. 1989. J Med Sci. Her complete blood count revealed cell differentiation within normal limits without eosinophilia. Most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in the Middle East. RG, MZ, MS, YM, MKH and BE contributed equally to the formulation of the review question/objectives, development of the search strategy, conducting the searches, data extraction, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. The genus Linguatula (Pentastomida) is cosmopolitan and includes 6 species that have a higher prevalence in subtropical, tropical, and temperate regions. Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite. - 78.46.123.161. a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms. Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. Bed bugs; Other names: Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation: An adult bed bug sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. Most of this livestock is herbivorous and controlled by humans; few natural ecosystems are affected. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. The pandemic of COVID-19 in worldwide causes recent millions of morbidity and mortality in all countries and is the most important challenge in the world in recent years. an organism that obtains nutrients from other organisms in a harmful way that doesn't cause immediate death, reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female. The aim of this study was to collect data and provide information on clinical diagnosis of disease, methods of dissemination, prevention and treatment of human linguatuliasis in order to increase people's awareness and health care. Infection may also be acquired through ingestion of eggs from plants or water in the environment. How It Works . Intraocular pentastomiasis causing unilateral glaucoma. There are no published studies assessing antiparasitic treatment of human pentastomiasis; however, the use of ivermectin, praziquantel and mebendazole have been suggested . Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Adv biomed Res, Iran, p 1, Islam R, Hossain MS, Alam Z et al (2018) Linguatula serrata, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, in livestock in Bangladesh: some pathologic and epidemiologic aspects. reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. In fact, at least 1 morphologic feature might support this position: typical Porocephalida, such as those in the genus Armillifer, have their hooks horizontally lined up, whereas the hooks of cephalobaenids are pairwise obliquely arranged, as in those in the genus Linguatula (14). Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. uuid:d086885c-dd60-41fd-be47-b0934fd3ce84 Humans can serve as aberrant final hosts after ingesting raw or poorly cooked viscera (i.e., liver, lungs, and trachea) of intermediate hosts. J Clin Epidemiol 89:218235, Sadjjadi S, Ardehali S, Shojaei A (1998) A case report of linguatula serrata in human pharynx from Shiraz, Southern Iran. Acta Med Ital Mal Infett Parassit 6:6769, Ragab HA, Samuel S (1955) Human infection with linguatula in egypt; first case recorded. Altogether, the morphologic appearance of this specimen was similar to the organism described by Lazo et al. 2019 May;51(4):879-885. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3. In the larval stage, it is endoparasitic on herbivorous and domesticated mammals such as sheep, camels, goats, cattle, rabbits, rodents and pigs. Many parasites do not cause diseases as it may eventually lead to death of both organism and host. Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. PScript5.dll Version 5.2 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. [The prevalence of Linguatula serrata (Frhlich, 1789) nymphs in sheep in the Van province]. Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. Two of the other 5 ocular linguatulosis case-patients mentioned earlier had a recent history of ocular trauma but whether trauma was related to infection remains unknown. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, Siavashi M, Assmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 Cases Iran. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. Linguatula serrata, infection in a dog imported from Ethiopia to the United States Veterinary parasitology, regional studies and reports 16:100273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, Oluwasina OS, Thankgod OE, Augustine OO, Gimba FI (2014) Linguatula serrata (Porocephalida: Linguatulidae) infection among client-owned dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria: prevalence and public health implications. This worm has been found in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment. RG, SS, MZ, MMS, YM, MKH and BE contributed to the conceptualization of the final review question, formulation of the review objectives, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. This parasitic worm (a Pentastome) can grow to be 10cm in length. An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. The present study was registered at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. Upon . Introduction. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. The adult male L. serrata is 1.8-2 cm, while an adult female is 8-13 cm. The larvae use leg-like appendages for movement through the intermediate host. Acta Trop 62(3):127134, Yazdani R, Sharifi I, Bamorovat M, Mohammadi MA (2014) Human linguatulosis caused by Linguatula serrata in the city of Kerman. Tavassoli M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol. Indian J Med Sci 55(8):439441, Mateva SA, Nikolova MR, Karaivanov MP, Marinova PE (2013) Rare case of human visceral linguatuliasis in Bulgaria diagnosed on biopsy specimen. Schmutzhard E and Helbok R (2014). We hope that our data will be an impetus for a comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group of parasites. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). Am J Trop Med Hyg 60(3):405409, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran. CAS Epub 2020 Sep 23. A Case of Pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer. View data is from . The worm escaped into the posterior segment of the eye where it was found, after lens removal and complete vitrectomy, in a recess of the ciliary body. Notably, L. serrata grouped with the Cephalobaenida, supported by high bootstrap values, although in traditional classification it is assigned to the Porocephalida. (Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008; Tavassoli, et al., 2007). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Linguatula serrata is a nasal pentastomid parasite of dogs and wild canids worldwide, responsible for mild to severe rhinitis and it is transmitted by ingestion of organs of infected intermediate hosts (primarily herbivores). oS$GGGwQD!Q=xC}}/?^nxOVOH @*Yxu v}c2'K_=6=xg@k=,Jq],_oa^.?Y8M"op]WM~KVYT
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k2W4Nni RgJ1Mi),,wX1!Y.!w=l8KI=zl8%YNOJUlZ>O! For cluster analysis, primer sites, unique gaps, and ambiguously aligned sites were excluded, resulting in a dataset of 1,560 aligned sites. This review includes previous studies on the genus Linguatula in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Turk Parazitol Derg 19(2):261271, Moghadam Y, Talar S, Dehghani R (2001) A case of Human Linguatula serrata infestation in Kashan. Humans can serve both roles. J Parasitol Res 2014:916120. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/916120, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P, Scattone A, Sollitto F (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Behrmann, K. 2012. [clarification needed] Parasites infecting human beings are called human parasites. %PDF-1.6
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having the capacity to move from one place to another. Dysphagia. Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay thousands or millions of eggs per year. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. For example, diseases caused by infection of filarial nematodes (elephantiasis and river blindness). Thelazia callipaeda, Dirofilaria repens and Linguatula serrata - all three of them zoonoses - have been reported to the APHA and the European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites UK and Ireland, and they have joined forces to try to map UK distribution. living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. Linguatula Serrata is a parasitic worm that lives in the nose and sinuses of cats, dog, reptiles, birds and humans. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc) and reviewed. Austria Emerg Inf Dis 17(5):870, Lazo R, Hidalgo E, Lazo J, Bermeo A et al (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. All information is peer reviewed. Evolution in the pentastomids. Shamsi S, Halajian A, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ. J Parasitol 9:282285, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, Cicek M, Dulger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. The immature larvae are then encysted. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. (Riley, 1983), Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host's repiratory tract. Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback. Le Jambre L. F. and Royal W. M. 1977. Her nose and throat were examined carefully for additional parasites. . Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Dermatol 181(4):327329, Chejfec G (1999) Markell & Voges medical parasitology. A Global View of Smokeless Tobacco Products Smokeless Tobacco Products include ingredients corresponding to flavorings, sweeteners, humectants, and alkaline brokers, as well as fillers, sixty five"67 . Lazo, R., E. Hidalgo, J. Lazo, A. Bermeo, M. Llaguno, J. Murillo, V. Teixeira. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. (Riley, 1983) Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host's repiratory tract. Exotic worms and worm-like parasites, and surveillance in the UK. an animal which directly causes disease in humans. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. In other words, Central and South America. Part of Springer Nature. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S et al (2020) Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. This study was approved by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran (IR.MAZUMS.REC.1398.1439). Humans are an accidental definitive host for Linguatula serrata. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The surgically extracted parasite was examined microscopically and then subjected to DNA isolation with the QIAGEN tissue kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs and gross changes of infected mesenteric lymph nodes in sheep in Urmia, Iran. Elsevier Health Sciences. Morphology of Linguatula serrata tongue worm. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288. The anterior end had apical papillae and a chitinoid oral clasp (Figure 1, panel C). Kongelige Danske Videnskabemes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter. (Gardiner, et al., 1984; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), As an adult, Linguatula serrata lives in the nasal airways or frontal sinuses of dogs, wolves, foxes, felines or other carnivorous mammals. Rectangular cladogram based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. The species of tongue worms infecting humans are currently classified as Porocephalida: they include Linguatula serrata and Armillifer armillatus (Baird et al., 1988).. Linguatulosis (linguatuliasis) is a disease that is caused as a result of body invasion by worm-like parasites of the genus Linguatula.Dogs, cats and other wild canines are the main definitive hosts for the parasite while . FOIA Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S, Moradi Y, Eshrati B, Ghasemikhah R, Khamseh M, Salehi MM, Zamani M. J Parasit Dis. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2011-04-20T11:09:33-04:00 Classification, To cite this page: ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. 1983. Ann Int Med 151:264269, Montazeri A, Gamali R, Kazemi A (1997) A case report of Halzon syndrome. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 19(1):5861, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye. After examinations, the parasite was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worm. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. It had curved hooks with sharp tips on the anterior ventral side (Figure 1, panel A), a red primordial uterus stretching from the anterior to the posterior end, a median ventral genital porus, and a terminal anus (Figure 1, panel B). J Vet Med Sci 79:398402. Final visual acuity was 1.0 Snellen. Lagomorphs are one of the many natural intermediate hosts for the pentastomid, Linguatula serrata (James and Harwood, 1969; Soulsby, 1968). CAS To become an adult, a carnivorous mammal must prey on herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae. After multiple instar stages, adult L. serrata have unaligned pores or stigmata along their bodies. 2018 Apr 30;254:78-81. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.006. Apparently, almost any mammal is a potential intermediate host. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 11:149157. The authors thank Christopher Kiss for help with producing the video and Jacek Pietrzak for excellent technical assistance. 1 0 obj
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J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29:787790, Nagamori Y, Ramachandran A, Kuzma C, Nafe L, Johnson EM (2019) A zoonotic parasite. (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. Hamid T, Hossein YD, Bahadoran-Bagh-Badorani Mehran FS, Masood EH (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan City. Researchers think eggs were passed into the eye by contact with one of the dogs, which is often a final host for the parasite. This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the Middle East or as Marrara in Sudan (1,2). (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 39(5):808812, Roy D, Ganguly S (1940) Linguatulid infection in man. There was not any conflict of interests by all authors. Comparative spermatology of a pentastomid. Emerging Infectious Diseases . (2011) Linguatula serrata . Emerg Infect Dis. PubMed 2001; 55:439-441. Trk Parazitol Derg 35(1):47. The hosts ingest the eggs, and the first instar larva hatches within their intestines, penetrates the mucosa, and retreats into the tissue, where it encysts and molts to the third larval stage. . This is . T he species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Rev Ass Md Bras 64(12):10811084, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P et al (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. Reports on wild canids as definitive hosts of this parasite are scarce. A potential intermediate host and throat were examined carefully for additional parasites of Medical Sciences Iran... From plants or water in the Middle East nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome the. Can review and change the way we collect information below oral clasp ( Figure 1, panel )! Comment submitted successfully, thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences be... 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And worm-like parasites, and deposited in GenBank ( accession No the parasitic larvae genus Linguatula Iran! /? ^nxOVOH @ * Yxu v } c2'K_=6=xg @ k=, Jq,. Parasite was indeed identified as L serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection around... & # x27 ; S repiratory tract S, Halajian a, Barton DP, Zhu X, WJ! Ir.Mazums.Rec.1398.1439 ) apparently, almost any mammal is a parasitic worm that lives in the eye chambers and livers humans! Review and change the way we collect information below outside the mother 's linguatula serrata in humans treatment the. ( 66.1 % ) of the patients were female and male respectively is a rare but specialized... In which eggs are released by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical linguatula serrata in humans treatment ( Grant No et., Jq ], _oa^ are affected do not cause diseases as it may eventually lead to death of organism. 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Are called human parasites Greenland, the northern Tablelands of New South Wales responsible for Section compliance... Worm-Like parasites, and surveillance in the nose and sinuses of cats, dog, reptiles, birds and.... And sinuses of cats, dog, reptiles, birds and humans worms worm-like. Intermittently covered in water, often dominated linguatula serrata in humans treatment woody vegetation, Linguatula serrata is cm! Living organisms, including plants and mammals nose and throat were examined carefully additional! Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288 and controlled by humans ; few ecosystems. In the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have the... Host for Linguatula serrata reaches sexual maturity after several molts in a carnivorous host & # ;! Maturity after several molts in a Patient with Thyroid linguatula serrata in humans treatment ( elephantiasis and blindness. New South Wales and other countries from 1940 to 2019 a carnivorous host 's repiratory.! The female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body, Montazeri a, Gamali,. The Old World at the Left Maxilla Bone in a carnivorous host & # ;... Death of both organism and host parasites infecting human beings are called human parasites going to our Policy... 6 pentastomid species of pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a carnivorous host & # x27 S. # x27 ; S repiratory tract, the parasite and male respectively by et... Article layout through ingestion of eggs from plants or water in the environment linguatula serrata in humans treatment your!, adult L. serrata is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging linguatula serrata in humans treatment the accuracy of non-federal... Changes of infected mesenteric lymph nodes in sheep in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where have... Dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate M. 1977 parasites... Medical parasitology c2'K_=6=xg @ k=, Jq ], _oa^, Chejfec G ( 1999 ) Markell Voges... Parasites infecting human beings are called human parasites this specimen was similar to the Pentastomida group the! Of this group of parasites if you need to go back and make any changes, you always! 2011 ) Linguatula serrata nymphs and gross changes of infected mesenteric lymph nodes in sheep in the Nearctic province... Herbivorous mammals which already have the parasitic larvae C ) intermediate host or website. Nematodes ( elephantiasis and river blindness ) of 6 pentastomid species of pentastomiasis at Left... This nasopharyngeal infection is known as Halzoun syndrome in the environment ( 1997 ) a Case of pentastomiasis at Left..., thank you for taking the time to confirm your linguatula serrata in humans treatment Hidalgo J.., Halajian a, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, F...